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African pompano
The African pompano (''Alectis ciliaris'') (also known as the pennant-fish and threadfin trevally) is a widely distributed species of tropical marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. The species is found in tropical waters worldwide, with adults often inhabiting coastlines, while juveniles are usually pelagic, floating with ocean currents. The adult African pompano is similar in appearance to the other members of the genus ''Alectis'', with the concave shape of the head near the eyes the clearest distinguishing feature. The juveniles are similar to other members of ''Alectis'', having long, filamentous dorsal and anal fin tips which are thought to discourage predators. The species lives in depths less than 100 m, consuming a range of crustaceans and small fishes. The species is of minor economic importance, often taken amongst other tropical midwater fishes by hook and line, while juveniles are occasionally caught in beach seines. African pompano are also highly rated game fish, often considered one of the strongest of the jacks in larger sizes.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The African pompano is one of three members of the diamond trevally genus ''Alectis'', which itself is one of 33 genera in the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae. The Carangidae are perciform fishes in the suborder Percoidei.
The species was first scientifically described by the German naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1787 under the name of ''Zeus ciliaris'', described from the type specimen collected from Surat, India. Following this description, a number of naturalists reclassified the species as the taxonomic literature of fishes grew in volume. Lacepède was the first to do so, giving it the name ''Gallus virescens'', which although he intended to be a new genus, had been assigned to a group of birds previously. Rafinesque examined ''Gallus virescens'' in 1815, subsequently creating a new genus for the species; ''Alectis'', and thus making ''Gallus virescens'' the type species, despite it being a junior synonym. A number of biologists also renamed the species completely, with ''Alectis crinitus'' and ''Carangoides ajax'' applied to the species. All names except ''Alectis ciliaris'' are now considered defunct under the ICZN nomenclature rules. Interestingly enough, the original genus name of ''Zeus'' has now also been applied to an ascomycete fungi.
The African pompano is not a true pompano of the genus ''Trachinotus'', but is more closely allied with the fish commonly called jacks and trevallies. The various common names used for the species generally reflect the juvenile filamentous fins, with a number of variations on 'threadfin trevally' often used.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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